Factors of Development of Small Innovative Enterprises in the Sphere of Academic Entrepreneurship: Regional Aspect

   This article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying and quantifying the influence of regional innovation environment factors on the formation of small innovative enterprises (SIEs) as a form of academic entrepreneurship in Russian regions.

   The empirical basis for the analysis includes 1,119 SIEs created at 335 educational and scientific organizations registered in 76 constituent entities of the Russian Federation between 2009 and 2025. To achieve this goal, a linear econometric model was constructed, its parameters were estimated using the least squares method based on subindices of the innovation development rankings of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The dependent variable was the share of SIEs in the regions out of the total number nationwide. Independent variables are represented by subindices grouped into four groups: R&D funding, human capital, resource provision, and innovation policy; control variables are also included. The analysis revealed that the most significant impact on SIE development is exerted by the level of research staff compensation, R&D expenditures per researcher, and the researchers’ technological sophistication. Among the control variables, only the share of businesses funding R&D demonstrates a moderate statistical significance. However, indicators relevant to human capital and innovation policy do not demonstrate statistically significant effects. Individual variables are characterized by weak multidirectional relationships, indicating limited conversion of formal structural conditions into practical entrepreneurial activity. The obtained results are based on statistically significant patterns identified through an econometric analysis of current quantitative data on SIE activity in Russian regions. These findings can be taken into account by educational and scientific institutions and government agencies when developing measures to stimulate innovation and commercialize research results.

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