«БОЛЕЗНИ» НАШИХ УНИВЕРСИТЕТОВ: СОВЕТСКИЕ ВУЗЫ В ПОСТСОВЕТСКУЮ ЭПОХУ

The article falls under conceptual category. The aim of the article is to show specific features of higher education at the Soviet and post - Soviet territory and relation between Soviet education model and state planned economy. Russian education reformers as well as higher education specialists preparing theoretical basis for the reform do not understand these specifics and try to improve our education by the same instruments that are applied to Western universities. This naturally leads to practical failure of such reforms though it might seem that they were conducted successfully. The article uses the concept pf «economic razdatok» by O. E. Bessonova and author’s higher education «razdatok» concept which is a theoretical basis for this research. During the research it was found that Russian higher education system is in fact the Soviet one with slight modernization. Soviet universities were a part of state planned («razdatok» according to O. E. Bessonova) economy via enrollment plan mechanisms formed by USSR Gosplan on the basis of requests from institutions and companies from different spheres as well as designation of specialists to various economic and social spheres. «Razdatok» penetrated the very core of higher education in the USSR: organization of study process and lecturers’ activities were also under the plan and cycles of “hand in - hand out” whereas the study process was a dictator one in order to continuously supply economics and social sphere with necessary specialists. In this system lecturer turned to an unofficial state servant engaged in handing out and checking the knowledge. At the Ppost - Soviet time «razdatok» character of education remained though planned economy disappeared. Lecturer also remained sort of a civil servant though formally his relations with administration were based on the contract. However the reform destroyed these mechanisms in the system “university - state” leading to higher education working «idle» and produce specialists not employed according to their specialization. Recently because of appearing «target» students and regional requests the old mechanisms have begun to restore themselves. Limitations of this theoretical approach are related to the fact that modern Russia as well as the West is not limited to «razdatok» system. This should be taken into consideration by future researchers in this area. The novelty of the article is in the development of an original concept of the connection between the Russian educational model and state economy.

«Болезни» университетов, «Diseases» of universities, education reform, razdatok, higher education, state-planned economy

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