ФАКТОРЫ НАУЧНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЕЕ ОЦЕНКИ

Статья представляет собой обзор результатов исследований, связанных с факторами научной продуктивности и подходами к ее оценке. Поиск механизмов оценки и управления продуктивностью научных сотрудников - важная проблема для администраторов науки и руководителей научных фондов. Литература, посвященная академической продуктивности, затрагивает главным образом два вопроса: 1) методологию измерения продуктивности, 2) факторы, позитивно и негативно влияющие на продуктивность научных сотрудников. В данной статье обсуждаются основные положения библиометрического подхода к измерению продуктивности. Классифицируются и приводятся различные индикаторы продуктивности. Рассматривается влияние на продуктивность факторов на трех уровнях: индивидуальном (возраст, сотрудничество с коллегами, междисциплинарность и интернационализация, мобильность и инбридинг, образовательный бэкграунд и первичный профессиональный опыт, семейное положение, пол), организационном (финансирование, организационная культура, система поощрений, доступ к ресурсам, престижность организации) и институциональном (степень экономического развития страны, политические факторы, религия). Обсуждается возможность учета разного рода факторов в административной политике.

научная продуктивность, эффективность научных сотрудников, академическая профессия, административная политика в университете, наукометрические показатели, библиометрия

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