umjУниверситетское управление: практика и анализUniversity Management: Practice and Analysis1999-66401999-6659Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin»; Non-Commercial Partnership “University Management: Practice andumj-391Research ArticleОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ВУЗАHIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION EFFICACY EVALUATIONСоциально-политический контекст, идеология и эффекты рейтингов университетовSocial and political context, ideology and effects of university rankingsКинчароваАнастасия ВладимировнаKincharovaA. V.nastya.kincharova@gmail.comЕвропейский университет в Санкт-ПетербургеRussian Federation201410042019033948Copyright © Кинчарова А.В., 20192019Кинчарова А.В.Kincharova A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/391

Статья содержит обзор англоязычной научной литературы, посвященной анализу контекста возникновения рейтингов университетов, их идеологии и эффектов, производимых на систему образования. Рейтинги рассматриваются как проявление менеджериализма, культуры аудита, как результат применения рыночных принципов к сфере образования. Анализ в терминах М. Фуко и П. Бурдье показывает: рейтинги закрепляют существующую иерархию и усиливают неравенство между вузами и на других уровнях в сфере образования, а также унифицируют университеты. Среди эффектов рейтингов большинство либо негативны для всех вузов, либо производят «эффект Матфея» - приводят к усилению успешных вузов и способствуют снижению позиций «слабых».

The article contains a review of English-language papers analyzing the context of the appearance of university rankings, their ideology, and effects on the education system. Rankings are viewed as a manifestation of managerialism, "audit culture", as a result of the application of market principles in education. Analysis in terms of M. Foucault and P. Bourdieu shows, that rankings reinforce the existing hierarchy and inequalities between universities and on other levels of education system, as well as unify universities. Most effects of rankings are either negative for all universities, or produce "Matthew effect", which means that successful schools become more successful, and the position of "weak" ones become even weaker.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.