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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Университетское управление: практика и анализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>University Management: Practice and Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-6640</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1999-6659</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin»; Non-Commercial Partnership “University Management: Practice and</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umj-380</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКИЕ ОРИЕНТИРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>STRATEGY GUIDELINES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Теории высшего образования и процесс выбора специальности абитуриентами: социально-сетевой анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theories of higher education and specialty choice by prospective students: A social-network analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Михаил</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>M. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">msokolov@eu.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кнорре</surname><given-names>Алексей</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knorre</surname><given-names>A. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aknorre@eu.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафонова</surname><given-names>Мария</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safonova</surname><given-names>M. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">safonovam@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Националь­ный исследовательский университет «Выс­шая школа экономики»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соколов М..., Кнорре А..., Сафонова М..., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколов М., Кнорре А., Сафонова М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolov M..., Knorre A..., Safonova M...</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/380">https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/380</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматриваются основные теории социальных функций высшего образования (образование как накопление ресурсов, востребованных на рынке труда; образование как накопление классовых различий; образование как возрастной мораторий и т. д.), а затем на их основании формируются гипотезы о том, как протекает процесс образовательного выбора. Эти гипотезы проверяются с помощью социально-сетевого анализа поступления в 2012 г. в НИУ «БелГУ». Полученные данные наилучшим образом соответствуют модели оппортунистического профессионализма: большинство студентов заранее выбирают одну из наиболее привлекательных (прежде всего, с точки зрения предполагаемой финансовой отдачи) специальностей и готовятся к поступлению на нее на протяжении длительного времени; однако при невозможности поступить на нее сравнительно легко переключаются на специальности-субституты. Платные образовательные специальности везде служат низшим благом по сравнению с бесплатными.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article starts with reviewing of major sociological approaches to higher education (education as accumulation of professional capital, education as class distinction, education as age moratorium, etc.). We then derive hypotheses from each of the theories on how the process of choosing between specialties is organized. Each of the models of student choice is then tested against objective data on application to different specialties of a large university using multiple regression and social network analysis. It seems that the model of opportunistic professionalism fits the data best: the prospective students choose their preferred specialty early, probably on the basis of projected financial returns, and prepare for them purposefully for a long period of time. When it proves unavailable, however, they easily shift to less attractive options. Paid education programs serve as inferior goods to the public-funded ones.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социология высшего образования</kwd><kwd>университеты в России</kwd><kwd>анализ социальных сетей</kwd><kwd>sociology of higher education</kwd><kwd>Russian universities</kwd><kwd>social network analysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бурдъе П. Практический смысл. СПб.: Алетейя, 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бурдъе П. Практический смысл. СПб.: Алетейя, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Веблен Т. Теория праздного класса. М. : Прогресс, 1984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Веблен Т. Теория праздного класса. 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