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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Университетское управление: практика и анализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>University Management: Practice and Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-6640</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1999-6659</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin»; Non-Commercial Partnership “University Management: Practice and</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umj-257</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПЕРСОНАЛОМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Академический инбридинг: причины и последствия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Academic inbreeding: oauses and consequenoes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдкевич</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudkevich</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">yudkevich@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ogorelova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юдкевич М.М., Горелова О.Ю., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юдкевич М.М., Горелова О.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yudkevich M.M., Gorelova O.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/257">https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/257</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья «Академический инбридинг: причины и последствия» представляет собой аналитический обзор академических исследований, посвященных практике найма вузами своих выпускников. Статья представляет собой авторский переработанный перевод главы «Academic Inbreeding: State of the Literature» из книги Academic Inbreeding and Mobility in Higher Education. Global Perspectives / ed. by Maria Yudkevich, P. G. Altbach, L. E. Rumbley. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Целью работы является систематизация и обсуждение причин, последствий и возможных методов борьбы с инбридингом, который чаще всего рассматривается как практика, связанная с противоречивыми последствиями для вуза и академической системы в целом. Инбридинг широко распространен во многих странах, в том числе в России, и считается среди большинства руководителей российских вузов приемлемой, а в ряде случаев и предпочитаемой практикой. Анализ существующей литературы показывает, что основными причинами распространенности практики «взращивания» являются важность социальных связей в процессе найма, закрытость академического рынка труда, желание сократить издержки от поиска и найма кандидатов извне, а также восприятие инбридинга и иммобильности в качестве академической нормы. Многочисленные исследования показывают, что сотрудники вуза, являющиеся его выпускниками, отличаются по ряду важных характеристик (таких, как публикационная продуктивность, преподавательские установки, вовлеченность в профессиональные сети и пр.). Вместе с тем однозначного мнения о последствиях инбридинга не существует. Отчасти отсутствие согласия о том, является ли инбридинг положительной или отрицательной практикой, объясняется тем, что в большинстве стран он распространен скорее в элитных вузах. Однако более популярна та точка зрения, что вузам не следует злоупотреблять наймом своих выпускников, поэтому во многих работах авторы рассматривают возможные способы борьбы с данной практикой. Наиболее эффективной мерой против инбридинга является его формальный запрет, развитие открытого рынка труда и стимулирование мобильности преподавателей. На основании анализа литературы в заключительной части статьи даются рекомендации по снижению последствий практики инбридинга в российских вузах. Данная статья будет интересна в первую очередь руководителям высших учебных заведений, занимающихся вопросами кадровой и научной политики, а также исследователям, интересующимся проблемами академической профессии и управления вузами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is an analytic review of academic research on the topic of universities employing their graduates. It is authors' version of the chapter «Academic Inbreeding: State of the Literature» in: Yudkevich M., Altbach P. G., Rumbley L. E. (Eds). Academic Inbreeding andMobility in Higher Education. Global Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. The aim of the article is to systematize and discuss causes, consequences and possible methods of fighting inbreeding which is often viewed as a practice leading to contradictory results for university and academic system in general.  Inbreeding is widely spread in many countries, including Russia and majority of university executives in Russia see it as an admissible thing, in fact, a method of choice. Analysis of the literature on that topic shows that main reasons for that include importance of social networking in employment, limitations existing at the academic labor market, desire to lower the costs of searching and hiring candidates from outside the circle as well as the vision of inbreeding and mobility as of an academic norm. Many researches show that university staff members who graduated from this university are different in terms of many important characteristics (such as publication efficacy, teaching settings, professional networking involvement, etc.). Nevertheless there is no single opinion on inbreeding consequences. One explanation for absence of single opinion on whether inbreeding is positive or negative is that in most countries this practice is typical of more elite universities. Nevertheless the prevailing opinion is that universities should not hire too many graduates therefore many authors look into ways of preventing inbreeding. The most effective measure against inbreeding is far formal ban, development of an open market and teaching staff mobility stimulation. On the basis of literature analysis authors formulate recommendations on decreasing inbreeding results in Russian universities. This article is of interest for university executives in charge of personnel and research as well as for researchers dealing with academic work and university management.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инбридинг</kwd><kwd>политика найма</kwd><kwd>преподаватели вузов</kwd><kwd>академический рынок труда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inbreeding</kwd><kwd>hiring policy</kwd><kwd>faculty</kwd><kwd>academic labor market</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сивак Е. В., Юдкевич М. М. Академический инбридинг: за и против // Вопросы образования. 2009. Т. 1. С. 170-188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сивак Е. В., Юдкевич М. М. Академический инбридинг: за и против // Вопросы образования. 2009. Т. 1. 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