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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Университетское управление: практика и анализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>University Management: Practice and Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-6640</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1999-6659</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin»; Non-Commercial Partnership “University Management: Practice and</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15826/umpa.2021.04.035</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umj-1438</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДОСТУПНОСТЬ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обзор моделей приема абитуриентов в вузы и их влияние на доступность высшего образования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Characteristics of the University Admission System and Their Infl uence on the Accessibility of Higher Education</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бугакова</surname><given-names>П. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bugakova</surname><given-names>P. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бугакова Полина Олеговна – стажер-исследователь, Институт институциональных исследований</p><p>101000, Москва, Мясницкая, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina O. Bugakova – intern researcher, Center for Institutional Studies</p><p>4 Myasnitskaya st., Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pbogdanova@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прахов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prakhov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прахов Илья Аркадьевич – кандидат экономических наук, доцент</p><p>101000, Москва, Мясницкая, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya A. Prakhov – PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Center for Institutional Studies</p><p>4 Myasnitskaya st., Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iprahov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бугакова П.О., Прахов И.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бугакова П.О., Прахов И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bugakova P.O., Prakhov I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/1438">https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/1438</self-uri><abstract><p>Настоящая работа представляет собой обзор моделей приема в вузы в различных странах, а также сравнительный анализ ряда характеристик образовательных систем в международной перспективе. Целью исследования является оценка возможного влияния характеристик образовательной системы на доступность высшего образования. Предложена аналитическая модель, которая объясняет влияние специфики отбора абитуриентов, а именно – уровня автономности и селективности образовательной системы, наличия финансовой поддержки студентов на доступность высшего образования. Основные положения модели иллюстрируются кейсами выделенных групп стран: постсоветские государства, США и Великобритания, Скандинавские страны и государства Западной Европы. На основе классификации систем высшего образования показано, что страны, характеризующиеся наиболее высокими показателями доступности высшего образования, обладают, как правило, невысоким уровнем автономности и селективности, либо им присуща высокоразвитая система финансовой поддержки студентов. В результате было выявлено, что высокий уровень селективности и автономности могут негативно сказываться на доступности высшего образования, а высокий уровень развития системы финансовой поддержки может нивелировать это влияние и положительно сказаться на доступности высшего образования. Результаты исследования полезны при реформировании системы отбора абитуриентов в РФ, так как проведенный сравнительный анализ показывает, какие инструменты позволяют повысить доступность высшего образования и, как следствие, сгладить образовательное неравенство среди различных социальных групп.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study provides a review of the admission to universities models in different countries and also a comparative analysis of the educational systems characteristics from an international perspective. The aim of the research is to assess the possible impact of the educational system characteristics on the accessibility of higher education. There is also proposed an analytical model which explains how the level of autonomy and selectivity of the educational system, along with the characteristics of the student financial support influence the level of accessibility of higher education. The framework of the model is supported by the cases of selected groups of countries: post-Soviet countries, the USA and the UK, Scandinavian countries and Western European countries. Based on the classification of higher education systems, countries with the highest level of access to higher education tend to have low levels of autonomy and selectivity, or they also can be characterized by highly developed system of financial support. As a result, it was found that high selectivity and autonomy level can negatively influence the accessibility of higher education, while high level of the financial support system may neutralize this effect and positively influence on the access to higher education. Results of the study can be useful while reforming the selection system in Russia, since comparative analysis shows which tools make it possible to increase the accessibility of higher education and, as a result, to reduce educational inequality among different social groups.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системы отбора в вузы</kwd><kwd>селективность</kwd><kwd>автономность</kwd><kwd>доступность высшего образования</kwd><kwd>финансовая поддержка учащихся</kwd><kwd>ЕГЭ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>selection systems to higher educational institutes</kwd><kwd>selectivity</kwd><kwd>autonomy</kwd><kwd>accessibility of higher education</kwd><kwd>student financial support</kwd><kwd>the Unified State Examination</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор выражает благодарность за финансовую поддержку исследования Программе фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the framework of the HSE University Basic Research Program</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moscarini G. 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