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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Университетское управление: практика и анализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>University Management: Practice and Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-6640</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1999-6659</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin»; Non-Commercial Partnership “University Management: Practice and</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15826/umpa.2021.03.028</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umj-1414</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПРОГРАММ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Практико-ориентированные аспирантские программы и профессиональные степени: анализ зарубежного опыта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Practice-based doctoral programs and professional degrees: analysis of foreign experience</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бедный</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bednyi</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бедный Борис Ильич – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, директор института аспирантуры и докторантуры</p><p>603950, Нижний Новгород, пр. Гагарина, 23, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris I. Bednyi – Dr. Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Director of the Institute for Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies</p><p>23 Gagarina pr., Nizhni Novgorod, 603950+7(831) 462-36-48</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bib@unn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбаков</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybakov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыбаков Николай Валерьевич – кандидат социологических наук, ассистент Центра исследований науки и развития аспирантского образования Института аспирантуры и докторантуры</p><p>603950, Нижний Новгород, пр. Гагарина, 23, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai V. Rybakov – Cand. Sci. (Sociology), Assistant lecturer of the Center for Research on Science and Development of Postgraduate Education at the Institute for Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies</p><p>23 Gagarina pr., Nizhni Novgorod, 603950+7 (831) 462-36-74</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rybakov-nv@phd.unn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходеева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodeeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ходеева Надежда Александровна – аспирант Центра исследований науки и развития аспирантского образования Института аспирантуры и докторантуры</p><p>603950, Нижний Новгород, пр. Гагарина, 23, корп. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda A. Khodeeva – Doctoral Student of the Center for Research on Science and Development of Postgraduate Education at the Institute for Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies</p><p>23 Gagarina pr., Nizhni Novgorod, 603950</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadya_hodeeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н. И. Лобачевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бедный Б.И., Рыбаков Н.В., Ходеева Н.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бедный Б.И., Рыбаков Н.В., Ходеева Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bednyi B.I., Rybakov N.V., Khodeeva N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/1414">https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/1414</self-uri><abstract><p>В ведущих зарубежных университетах широкое распространение получили практико-ориентированные аспирантские программы, нацеленные на развитие профессиональной карьеры выпускников за пределами академического рынка труда. В России нормативно закреплен унифицированный формат аспирантуры, ориентированный на подготовку кадров для науки и высшей школы. При этом все более очевидной становится потребность в адаптации института аспирантуры к запросам реального сектора экономики. Целью данного обзора является анализ научных публикаций и кейсов зарубежных университетов, реализующих практико-ориентированные аспирантские программы с присуждением профессиональных степеней, эквивалентных по своему общественному статусу академической степени Ph D. На основе анализа международного опыта обсуждаются перспективы становления и развития подобных программ в российской аспирантуре. В результате исследования выявлены наиболее общие характеристики практико-ориентированных программ и их отличия от программ академической аспирантуры: 1) вовлеченность обучающихся в прикладные исследования, представляющие интерес для реального сектора экономики; 2) индивидуальный подход к образовательной подготовке аспирантов, учитывающий их профессиональные интересы и запросы работодателей; 3) четко структурированная система обучения и руководства диссертационными работами, основанная на сотрудничестве университетов и предприятий; 4) применение инновационных форм итоговой аттестации выпускников. На основе анализа российского опыта делается вывод о том, что практико-ориентированная подготовка аспирантов востребована и де-факто уже существует, но не обеспечена необходимым нормативно-правовым регулированием. Отмечается, что вследствие дефицита данных масштабы такой подготовки и ключевые барьеры на пути к ученой степени у российских аспирантов-практиков практически не изучены. Сформулированы основные направления эмпирических исследований, необходимых для принятия адекватных управленческих решений по институционализации практико-ориентированных аспирантских программ в России. Статья представляет интерес для исследователей высшего образования, научно-педагогических и административных работников вузов, а также для органов государственной власти, ответственных за реализацию политики в области подготовки и аттестации кадров высшей квалификации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Practical-oriented postgraduate programs aimed at developing graduates’ professional career outside the academic labor market have become widespread in leading foreign universities. There is a statutory unified format of postgraduate studies in Russia, aimed at training of personnel for science and higher education. At the same time, the need of adaptation of postgraduate training programs to the demands of the real economy sector is becoming more evident. The purpose of this review is to analyze scientific publications and case studies of foreign universities implementing practical-oriented postgraduate programs with professional degrees, which are equivalent to PhD in social status. Drawing on the analysis of international experience, the prospects of the establishment and development of such programs in Russian postgraduate studies are discussed. The study identified the most common characteristics of practical-oriented programs and their differences from academic postgraduate programs: 1) students’ involvement in applied research, which is relevant for the real economy sector; 2) an individual approach for postgraduate education considering professional interests of the students and employers’ demands; 3) a clearly structured system of education and scientific management, based on cooperation of universities and enterprises; 4) using innovative forms of final academic assessment. Based on the analysis of Russian experience it is concluded that practical-oriented training for postgraduate students is in demand and in fact already exists, but is not provided with necessary statutory regulation. It is pointed out that, owing to a lack of data, the extent of this arrangement and key barriers on the way to a degree among Russian practical-oriented postgraduate students have not been studied. The main directions of empirical research, which are necessary for making adequate management decisions on institutionalizing practical-oriented postgraduate programs in Russia, have been formulated. The article is of interest to researchers of higher education, scientific, pedagogical and administrative employees of higher education institutions, as well as for the state authorities responsible for implementing the policy of education and certification of highly trained personnel.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аспирантура</kwd><kwd>практико-ориентированные аспирантские программы</kwd><kwd>PhD-программы</kwd><kwd>профессиональные докторские программы</kwd><kwd>профессиональные степени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>doctoral education</kwd><kwd>practice-based doctoral programs</kwd><kwd>professional doctorates</kwd><kwd>professional degrees</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рыбаков Н. В. Кадровое обеспечение науки и высшей школы в аспирантуре российских вузов: дис. … к.социол.н. 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