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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">umj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Университетское управление: практика и анализ</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>University Management: Practice and Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1999-6640</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1999-6659</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin»; Non-Commercial Partnership “University Management: Practice and</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15826/umpa.2021.01.004</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">umj-1325</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УПРАВЛЕНИЕ АСПИРАНТУРОЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ADMINISTRATING THE POSTGRADUATE STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Научное руководство аспирантами: систематический обзор подходов к концептуализации и эмпирическому анализу</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Doctoral Students’ Academic Supervision: A Systematic Review of Approaches to Conceptualization and Empirical Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2914-5591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьева Анна Викторовна – аналитик Проектно-учебной  лаборатории «Развитие университетов» Института образования</p><p>101000, Москва, Потаповский пер., 16, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Grigoryeva – Research Analyst, Project Lab «University Development», Institute of Education</p><p>Potapovsky per. 16/b.10, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avgrigoreva@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-9954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терентьев</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terentev</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Терентьев Евгений Андреевич – кандидат социологических  наук, старший научный сотрудник Центра социологии высшего  образования</p><p>101000, Москва, Потаповский пер., 16, стр. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy A. Terentev – PhD (Sociology), Senior Researcher, Center for Sociology in Higher Education, Institute of Education</p><p>Potapovsky per. 16/b.10, Moscow, 101000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eterentev@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Григорьева А.В., Терентьев Е.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Григорьева А.В., Терентьев Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grigoryeva A.V., Terentev E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/1325">https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/1325</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен систематический обзор теоретико-методологических подходов российских и зарубежных исследователей к концептуализации и эмпирическому изучению научного руководства аспирантами. В зависимости от того, кому приписывается основная ответственность за итоговый результат, выделяются три подхода: наставнический, аспирантоцентрированный и средовой. В рамках наставнического подхода ответственность за результат приписывается научному руководителю. Этот подход укоренен в так называемой модели наставничества, когда аспирант рассматривается в качестве «неофита», которого научный руководитель вводит в академический мир. Для аспирантоцентрированного подхода характерно возложение значительной части ответственности на аспиранта, и в фокусе изучения оказываются его характеристики (мотивационные, коммуникационные, психологическое благополучие и др.), а также ожидания от научного руководства и его результаты. Этот подход предполагает активную роль аспиранта и восходит к моделям студентоцентрированной педагогики. Средовой подход фокусируется на изучении роли среды, помещая в центр изучения вопросы, связанные с академической и социальной интеграцией аспирантов. Отмечается, что все эти подходы обладают рядом ограничений, связанных с фокусировкой на отдельных факторах образовательного процесса и с недостаточным вниманием к динамическому и относительному характеру различных аспектов научного руководства и их связи с результативностью аспирантской подготовки. Обосновывается важность развития реляционного подхода к изучению научного руководства, который синтезирует ключевые положения рассмотренных подходов, предполагая распределенную модель ответственности в процессе научного руководства и обращение к изучению «образовательных альянсов», понимаемых шире пар или команд научных руководителей и аспирантов. В фокусе такого подхода – не только активность отдельных акторов, но и система взаимоотношений между ними.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a systematic review of theoretical and methodological approaches to the conceptualization and empirical study of doctoral students’ supervision. Three approaches (mentoring, doctoral student-centered, and environmental) are distinguished depending on the main responsibility for the result. The mentoring approach attributes the responsibility for the result to the supervisor. This approach is generally associated with the so-called «apprentice model», which understands the doctoral student as a «neophyte» introduced to the academic world by the supervisor. The doctoral student-centered approach is characterized by imposing the responsibility mainly on the doctoral student. This approach assumes a more active role of the doctoral student and goes back to the models of student-centered pedagogy. The environmental approach focuses on studying the role of the environment and on the issues related to the academic and social integration of doctoral students. All these approaches notably have a number of limitations due to their concentration on certain factors of the educational process and less attention to the dynamic and relative nature of various aspects of academic supervision and its relationship with the effectiveness of doctoral training. There is substantiated the importance of developing a relational approach, which would synthesize the key points of the three approaches considered, and assume a distributed model of responsibility within the academic supervision. As it understands «learning alliances» more broadly than pairs or teams of scientific supervisors and graduate students, this approach focuses not only on the activity of individual actors, but also on the system of relationships between them.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>научное руководство аспирантами</kwd><kwd>подготовка научно-педагогических кадров</kwd><kwd>отсев в аспирантуре</kwd><kwd>образовательные альянсы</kwd><kwd>академическая интеграция</kwd><kwd>реляционный подход</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>doctoral students’ academic supervision</kwd><kwd>academic staff training</kwd><kwd>doctoral students’ attrition</kwd><kwd>learning alliances</kwd><kwd>academic integration</kwd><kwd>relational approach</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nerad M. 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