umjУниверситетское управление: практика и анализUniversity Management: Practice and Analysis1999-66401999-6659Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N.Yeltsin»; Non-Commercial Partnership “University Management: Practice and10.15826/umpa.2020.03.023umj-1243Research ArticleУПРАВЛЕНИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯМИINVESTIGATION MANAGEMENTНаучная политика в ведущих российских университетах: эффекты «нового менеджериализма»Research Policy in Leading Russian Universities: Eff ects of ‘New Managerialism’ДежинаИ. Г.DezhinaI. G.

Дежина Ирина Геннадиевна – доктор экономических наук, руководитель Аналитического департамента научно-технологического развития.

121205, Москва, Территория инновационного центра «Сколково», Большой бульвар, 30, стр. 1; +7 495 120 62-58

Irina G. Dezhina – Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Head of Analytical Department of Scientific-Technological Development.

30/1 Bolshoy Bulvar, Innovation Center «Skolkovo», Moscow, 121205; +7 495 120 62-58

i.dezhina@skoltech.ruСколковский институт науки и технологийРоссияSkolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyRussian Federation2020211020202431326Copyright © Дежина И.Г., 20202020Дежина И.Г.Dezhina I.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.umj.ru/jour/article/view/1243

В обзорной статье рассматривается влияние системы управления, известной как «новый менеджериализм», на результативность научных исследований в университетах. Концепция «нового менеджериализма» предполагает опору на количественные показатели в системе принятия решений. В работе обобщаются зарубежные и российские подходы к оценке научных достижений в университетах, а также анализируются системы контрактов с преподавателями и деятельность центров превосходства как инструменты «нового менеджериализма», которые могут влиять на результативность научных исследований. На этой основе определяются преимущества и ограничения инструментов, используемых в российских исследовательских университетах. Анализ зарубежных исследований показал, что оценки научной результативности становятся комплексными, проводятся на регулярной основе, но с интервалом в несколько лет. Контрактная система опосредованно влияет на результативность научных исследований, однако не устанавливает жестких требований по количественным индикаторам. Наконец, центры превосходства, получающие дополнительное финансирование для ускорения производства научных знаний, в большинстве случаев выполняют эту функцию, однако эффект Матфея автоматически не действует. Проявление «нового менеджериализма» в российских университетах анализировалось на примере программы создания лабораторий под руководством ведущих ученых мира, Проекта «5-100», а также принятой системы контрактов с преподавателями с точки зрения влияния на результативность их научных исследований. Показано, что все инструменты способствовали наращиванию публикационной активности, в том числе в журналах первого квартиля, однако появились признаки пределов ее роста. Повышение результативности научной деятельности университетов может идти в направлении изменения системы ее оценки путем расширения перечня показателей, характеризующих результаты научных исследований, в том числе их вклад в социально-экономическое развитие страны, и увеличения удельного веса долгосрочных контрактов.

This article analyzes the effects of «new managerialism» on the results of scientific research in universities. New managerialism implies decision-making based on quantitative indicators. This paper summarizes the international and Russian approaches to the assessment of scientific achievements at universities. It analyzes instruments for fostering scientific productivity, such as contracts with the faculty and the formation of centers of excellence, to identify the advantages and limitations of tools currently used at Russian research universities. Our analysis of international literature showed that evaluation of research results is becoming more complex as it is conducted regularly, not annually. The contract system indirectly affects the results of research but does not contain any strict quantitative requirements. Centers of excellence, which receive additional funding to accelerate the production of scientific knowledge, achieve this goal in most cases, but this system does not automatically create the Matthew effect. The article analyzes the specific characteristics of new managerialism in Russian universities by using the example of a program aimed at the creation of laboratories led by prominent scientists, the Project 5-100, and the system of contracts with the faculty. The study has revealed that these tools have contributed to the increase in publication activity. However, there are indications that this growth has reached its limits. Prospects of further development can reside in the use of a wider range of indicators to characterize the impact of scientific results on social and economic development and in increasing the share of long-term contracts.

управление исследованияминовый менеджериализмвысшие учебные заведенияцентры превосходстварезультативность научных исследованийmanagement of researchnew managerialismresearch deliverablesinstitutes of higher educationcenters of excellenceСтатья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках конкурса для подготовки и опубликования научных обзорных статей («Экспансия»), проект № 19-111-50170 «Научная политика в ведущих российских университетах: эффекты “нового менеджериализма”»This research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant for preparation of review articles («Expansion»), project No 19-111-50170 «Research Policy in Leading Russian Universities: Effects of “New Managerialism”»ReferencesEdgar F., Geare A. Factors influencing university research performance // Studies in Higher Education. 2013. Vol. 38, no 5. P. 774–792. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2011.601811.Edgar F., Geare A. Factors Influencing University Research Performance. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.